Karam opens with a word on how Lord Cromer failed to cause fitnah tā’ifīyah in Egypt due to the strong national unity between its people at the time. He then asks whether that same spirit of national unity can be revived. He explains how foreign forces have always tries tried to cause fitnah tā’ifīyah in Egypt and proposes a number of ways to deal with it.

Key Words: Lord Cromer – al-Qā‘idah – Iraq – Pope Shenouda III – Wafā’ Constantine – Kāmīliyā Shehātah