According to Muhammad Khalīl, the terms, dār

al-harb [Reviewer: abode of war] and dār al-salām [Reviewer: abode of peace] that

traditionally used to refer to lands under Muslim rule and lands outside Muslim rule respectively, are not

applicable to the modern world. The author of the article quotes a professor of international law at the Azhar

University, Dr. Ja‘far ‘Abd al-Salām, as saying since peace has become a universal

value the paired terms should no longer be used to divide the world into two categories according to the

establishment of Islamic law.